Comparative Analysis of Had Kifayah and Multidimensional Poverty Index as Poverty Measurement in Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/jmm.v13i2.153Keywords:
Poverty measurement, Had Kifayah, Multidimensional Poverty Index, ZakatAbstract
The measurement of poverty is an essential instrument for comprehending the socio-economic well-being of a nation’s population and devising effective strategies to mitigate it. Currently, zakat institutions in Malaysia rely on the Had Kifayah (HAK) method to categorise an individual's poverty status by classifying their asnaf status. On a larger scale, the establishment of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) presents an alternative method for assessing poverty, emphasising the non-monetary dimensions of deprivation that individuals may experience. This study conducts a comparative analysis of two distinct poverty measurement frameworks, namely, HAK and the MPI to assess their applicability and effectiveness in capturing the multifaceted nature of poverty in Malaysia. The study employed an extensive literature review and comparative analysis of the two different poverty measurement tools. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing debate surrounding the choice of poverty measurement tools in Malaysia. It sheds light on the advantages and shortcomings of both Had Kifayah and the MPI in capturing the complex and evolving nature of poverty in the country. The study recommends that zakat institutions complement the HAK method by incorporating the MPI, which can effectively measure the degree of deprivation that an asnaf may encounter.
Downloads
References
Alkire, S. & Foster, J. (2007). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. OPHI Working Paper 7, University of Oxford.
Alkire, S., & Santos, M. E. (2010). Acute multidimensional poverty: a new index for developing countries. Working Paper 38. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative.
Alkire, S., & Santos, M. E. (2014). Measuring acute poverty in the developing world: Robustness and scope of the multidimensional poverty index. World Development, 59, 251-274.
Alkire, S., & Shen, Y. (2017). Exploring multidimensional poverty in China: 2010 to 2014. In Research on Economic Inequality: Poverty, Inequality and Welfare, 161-228. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., and Suppa, N. (2020). The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2020. OPHI MPI Methodological Note 49, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, University of Oxford.
Alkire, S., Kövesdi, F., Scheja, E., & Vollmer, F. (2023). Moderate multidimensional poverty index: Paving the way out of poverty. Social Indicators Research, 1-37.
Battiston, D., Cruces, G., Lopez-Calva, L. F., Lugo, M. A., & Santos, M. E. (2013). Income and beyond: Multidimensional poverty in six Latin American countries. Social indicators research, 112, 291-314.
Beik, I. S., & Arsyianti, L. D. (2016). Measuring zakat impact on poverty and welfare using cibest model. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 1(2), 141–160.
Bronfman, J. (2014). Beyond Income: A study of multidimensional poverty in Chile, MPRA Working Paper, 63256, 1-53.
Chapra, M.U (2008). The Islamic vision of development in the light of the Maqasid Al-Shari'ah (Research Paper). Occasional Papers 235, The Islamic Research and Teaching Institute (IRTI).
Chen, K. M., Leu, C. H., & Wang, T. M. (2019). Measurement and determinants of Multidimensional Poverty: Evidence from Taiwan. Social Indicators Research, 145(2), 459–478.
Deka, N. (2018). Multidimensional poverty index for the poor in Guwahati city (Assam, India). Journal of Social and Economic Development, 20(1), 43-74.
EPU, J. P. M. (2015). Rancangan Malaysia ke-11 (2016-2020). Unit Perancang Ekonomi, Jabatan Perdana Menteri. https://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/speech/files/RMK11_Ucapan.pdf
Farid, S. (2010). Penetapan had al–kifayah di Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS). Bengkel Had al–kifayah, 3rd March. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Henao-Cespedes, V., Garcés-Gómez, Y. A., Ruggeri, S., & Henao-Cespedes, T. M. (2021). Relationship analysis between the spread of COVID-19 and the multidimensional poverty index in the city of Manizales, Colombia. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science.
Ismail, M. K., Siwar, C., & Ghazali, R. (2018). Gahai agropolitan project in eradicating poverty: Multidimensional poverty index. Planning Malaysia, 16(3), 97-108.
Jabatan Wakaf, Zakat dan Haji (JAWHAR) (2007). Manual Pengurusan Agihan Zakat. Putrajaya.
Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (2023). Kalkulator had kifayah. https://www.maiwp.gov.my/i/index.php/en/kalkulator1.
Mohanty, S. K. (2011). Multidimensional poverty and child survival in india. PLoS ONE, 6(10).
Qi, D., & Wu, Y. (2019). Comparing the extent and levels of child poverty by the income and multidimensional deprivation approach in China. Child Indicators Research, 12, 627-645.
Roy, A., & Chakraborti, C. (2023). Disparity in income poverty and multidimensional poverty estimates: The Indian scenario with special reference to Salboni and Binpur‐I blocks. Poverty & Public Policy, 15(1), 98-123.
Sen, A. (1993). Capability and well-being. In N. Nussbaum and A. Sen (Eds.), The Quality of Life (pp. 30–53). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Sen, A. K. (1987). The Standard of Living. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (1976). Poverty: An ordinal approach to measurement, Econometrica, 44, 219-231.
Sen, A.K. (1999) Development as Freedom, Knopf Press, New York
Solaymani, S., & Kari, F. (2014). Poverty evaluation in the Malaysian fishery community. Ocean & Coastal Management, 95, 165-175.
Solaymani, S., Vaghefi, N., & Kari, F. (2019). The multidimensional poverty measure among Malaysian employee provident fund (EPF) retirees. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(5), 1353-1371.
Tahir, I. N. (2019). The neglected approach to poverty alleviation. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 27(1), 41-82.
Wang, Y., & Wang, B. (2016). Multidimensional poverty measure and analysis: a case study from Hechi City, China. SpringerPlus, 5, 1-25.
Zailani, M. N., Satar, N. H. M., & Zakaria, R. H. (2023). Multidimensional poverty measurement from Islamic perspectives: A survey of the literature. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 77-98.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Management and Muamalah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
