Peranan Zakat dalam Membantu Asnaf Menjalankan Perniagaan di Malaysia: Satu Tinjauan Literatur Kritikal
Zakat's Role in Assisting Asnaf to Conduct Business in Malaysia: A Critical Review of the Literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/jmm.v15i1.199Keywords:
Zakat, Asnaf, Keusahawanan, Pembangunan Sosioekonomi, AgihanAbstract
Pembangunan usahawan dalam kalangan golongan asnaf di Malaysia merupakan strategi utama institusi zakat untuk meningkatkan taraf ekonomi mereka. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara kritikal keberkesanan program pembangunan usahawan asnaf melalui tinjauan literatur yang sedia ada. Pendekatan PRISMA telah digunakan di dalam kajian ini untuk menyintesis penyelidikan sedia ada yang berkaitan dengan peranan zakat dalam menyokong usahawan asnaf di Malaysia. Pendekatan PRISMA dijalankan mengikut garis panduan yang ditetapkan untuk memastikan pendekatan yang ketat dan tidak berat sebelah dalam mengenal pasti, memilih, menilai, dan menyintesis literatur yang relevan. Perbincangan merangkumi aspek bantuan modal, faktor kerohanian, pendekatan maqasid al-shariah, serta penerimaan institusi zakat terhadap pembiayaan Qard Hasan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun terdapat peningkatan dalam kejayaan program ini, cabaran dalam pelaksanaannya masih perlu diatasi melalui intervensi yang lebih sistematik dan menyeluruh. Selain itu, artikel ini juga meneliti mekanisme agihan zakat, cabaran yang dihadapi, dan impak jangka panjang terhadap pembangunan sosioekonomi asnaf. Penemuan menunjukkan bahawa zakat berperanan penting dalam memperkasakan asnaf melalui peluang perniagaan, tetapi terdapat ruang untuk penambahbaikan dalam pelaksanaan dan pemantauan program. Artikel ini mencadangkan strategi inovatif untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan program keusahawanan zakat dan membincangkan implikasinya terhadap dasar pembangunan sosioekonomi negara.
The development of entrepreneurship among the asnaf group in Malaysia is a key strategy of zakat institutions to improve their economic status. This article aims to critically examine the effectiveness of asnaf entrepreneurship development programs through a review of existing literature. The PRISMA approach was used in this study to synthesize current research related to the role of zakat in supporting asnaf entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The PRISMA approach was conducted according to established guidelines to ensure a rigorous and unbiased process in identifying, selecting, evaluating, and synthesizing relevant literature. The discussion covers aspects such as capital assistance, spiritual factors, the maqasid al-shariah approach, and the acceptance of Qard Hasan financing by zakat institutions. The findings indicate that although there has been progress in the success of these programs, challenges in implementation still need to be addressed through more systematic and comprehensive interventions. In addition, this article also examines the mechanisms of zakat distribution, the challenges faced, and the long-term impact on the socio-economic development of asnaf. The findings show that zakat plays a significant role in empowering asnaf through business opportunities, but there is room for improvement in the implementation and monitoring of these programs. This article proposes innovative strategies to enhance the effectiveness of zakat entrepreneurship programs and discusses their implications for national socio-economic development policies.
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